An appreciation of the magnificent sea and mountain views of the fairest cape can be enriched by knowledge of its geological foundations. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral coastal province 7203, west africa by michael e. I regional distribution of rivers and streams in africa i. Abstract this paper briefly summarises the geological and geomorphological history of south africa. A long term baseline and variability of natural radionuclides in groundwater at the vaalputs lowlevel radioactive waste disposal facility, namaqualand, south africa. Pdf regional geology of southern africa asser frans. Geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex rocks. Regional geology of africa 1991 edition open library. The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa.
A regional anomaly for the year or season is calculated as the average over all available stations in the region. Application of imaging spectroscopy for mineral exploration. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral. This is a political map of africa which shows the countries of africa along with capital cities, major cities, islands, oceans, seas, and gulfs. Three major, discreet tectonic events produced the regional architecture of the sefwi belt. The west african craton wac is one of the five cratons of the precambrian basement rock of. On the use of global potential field models for regional. For the most part, west africa is relatively flat and low, which sets it apart from the other major regions of africa. Africa, the second largest continent, covering about onefifth of the total land surface of earth. Africa is the worlds second largest continent and also the second most populated country in the world. Lower crustal exhumation under transtension during the. For malawi, lying in the transition zone between these two. Delineation of tectonic lineaments using aeromagnetic data. The population of africa is over 900 million people making up 14% of the planets population.
Within its regular outline, it comprises an area of 30,368,609 km 2 11,725,385 sq mi, excluding adjacent islands. The southeastern cameroon region rises many geological. He became the first head of state to offer the idea of panafricanism, a movement aimed to unify and uplift african peoples, which he grew familiar with during his studies abroad at lincoln university in the state of pennsylvania, u. A detailed rainfall climatology for malawi, southern africa. Holocene african droughts relate to eastern equatorial. The tectonic environment is constrained by a combination of geophysics, surface geology. Jelsma encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the worldwide 1. Throughout the country, mean annual rainfall is table 2. Regional distribution of rivers and streams in africa. The mountains are an exception to africas general landscape. West africa is remarkable for its geological variety. Mansell and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Olusiji samuel ayodele department of geology, ekiti state university, p. Geographers came up with the idea of high africa and low africa to help distinguish the difference in geography.
Cape town geology department of geological sciences. At low magnetic latitudes as is the case here, it is not very easy to. Relief on its own is not the source of great regional diversity in west africa. Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable. Africa is a continent comprising 63 political territories, representing the largest of the great southward projections from the main mass of earths surface. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex rocks in south western nigeria. Geology and geotectonic setting of the basement complex. To better understand the geography of west africa and how it drives land use, we briefly examine the geology, topography, hydrography, climate, and vegetation through these broad bioclimatic regions.
Geostatistical evaluation of hydrogeochemical parameters. Geography is not only the study of earth, its physiographic regions, the physical and artificial features on its surface, and their relationships to each other. Two fault systems are recognised, the dominant one trending ene parallel to the regional strike and the other one nw to wnw. Since then slow relative motion of nubian, arabian and somali plates over the same interval has been discerned. Oyinloye department of geology, university of adoekiti nigeria 1. Both of these regions are mainly made of rocks that are either archean or. It is a large political map of africa that also shows many of the continents physical features in color or. D1 crustal thickening driven by external tectonic forces d2 transtensional event d3 transpressional event tectonic juxtaposition of high grade rocks and greenschist facies lithologies prior to regional shearing d4. Image courtesy of the geological society of south africa. Camisanicalzolari a tomic energy corporation of south africa limited, pretoria approximately 850 groundwater samples were collected over a 29 300 km2 region of the semiarid northwestern cape during the site selection phase of.
Openfile report 821057assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the timanpechora basin, u. For the most part, west africa is relatively flat and low, which sets it. Regional geology of africa lecture notes in earth sciences. This history is then related to various problems affecting the construction of roads in south africa. Thomas schluter geological atlas of africa geokniga. It is my belief, that there has long been a need in universities and geological surveys, both in africa and in the developed world, for sum.
Buy regional geology of africa lecture notes in earth sciences on free shipping on qualified orders. Nigeria is on the west coast of africa, on latitudes 4degrees north of the equator and latitudes 3degrees and 14degrees on the east of the greenwich meridian. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold, diamonds, iron and coal from worldclass deposits. Geostatistical evaluation of hydrogeochemical parameters as a tool to interpret regional geology f. Regional geology of the dharwar craton the cratonic block of south india commonly known as the dharwar craton. Ermelo barberton musina louis trichardt rustenburg thabazimbi vryburg pofadder port nolloth vanrhynsdorp vredenburg worcester laingsburg oudtshoorn grahamstown. Regional geology of africa springerverlag berlin heidelberg new york london paris tokyo hong kong barcelona budapest. Geology and total petroleum systems of the westcentral coastal province 7203, west africa u.
Many people heard the announcement on the radio or on television, but most went on with their daily work. Manguelle dicoume a department of physics, faculty of science, university of douala, po box 24157, douala, cameroon b geological survey of norway ngu, 7491 trondheim, norway. Some of you were geology majors but have found your vocations in other fields, and others of you took only a few courses in geology while majoring in another field, but went on to graduate school in geology. Introduction to the bushveld complex, south africa the bushveld complex, of palaeoproterozoic age, is located in the central northeast portion of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa, and has an estimated total area of 65 000 km2 hunter, 1976. Implications on provenance and evolution akindele o. The state covers the plains areas of the brahmputra and barak valleys, the mikir hills plateau, the north. Utilising offshore regional gravity, magnetics and bathymetry the seep analysis will be integrated with the interpretation of major offshore struc tural features, in the madagascar channel, deep water tanzania and seychelles, and our onshore geology to readily assess the geological context of the seeps. Spectroscopy can be used to identify certain minerals based on their electronic and vibrational absorptions in the reflected. Jul 30, 2007 nigeria is on the west coast of africa, on latitudes 4degrees north of the equator and latitudes 3degrees and 14degrees on the east of the greenwich meridian. Geological society of south africa with the theme mineralization in metamorphic tcitanes. Thunderstorms and tornadoes up close jarrell tornado, texas, 1997 on may 27, 1997, around 1 p. Mean climatology figure 5 shows mean annual and seasonal rainfall over malawi. The first prime minster of ghana, kwame nkrumah, was known as the president of the modern ghanaian state, and an anticolonial leader. Thereafter the southern marginal zone of the limpopo belt is treated in the same way.
At low magnetic latitudes as is the case here, it is not very easy to correlate the observed anomaly maxima and the positions of magnetic sources because in the tmi anomaly map, the maxima are not found vertically above magnetic sources, thus making it difficult to link the observed anomalies with the sources. The high eastern equatorial atlantic ssts occur in concert with seasonally increased insolation at low latitudes, suggesting a strong response of african monsoonal precipitation to oceanic conditions at low latitudes. This balanced and comprehensive overview of geology, tectonics, and mineral resources of africa presents multifarious facets of archean to quaternary geology, including aspects of plate tectonics evolution and geological history of the earths oldest continent. It is a large political map of africa that also shows many of the continents physical features in color or shaded relief. Simplified geological map of the central african copperbelt, showing location of. Among the 50 independent african countries there are vast population differences. Pdf an overview of the geology and hydrogeology of nigeria. Pdf the formation and evolution of africa from the archaean to. Its developed during the separation of south america and africa and the opening of south atlantic ocean at the site of the triple junction. Introduction to world regional geography of where things and places are in our physical world in relationship to each other, but the subject encompasses far more.
This page has been provided for schools and general public information and you need not be a geologist to recognise the layers of hard sandstone forming the steeper. New evidence on the earliest human presence at high. Chapter pdf available in geological society london special publications. If you are interested in south africa and the geography of africa our large laminated map of africa might be just what you need. It shares boundaries with the republics of benin and niger in the west, cameroon in the east, niger and chad in the north and the gulf of guinea in the south. Olade 1976 describe the basin as the failed arm of the rift system aulacogen that developed by progressive mantle plume activities and accompanied by. Pdf the petroleum geology of the west africa margin. Apr 06, 2014 regional geology of africa by sunday w.
The geology and engineering geology of roads in south africa paigegreen, p. Geologic mapping of the study area revealed three dominant lithologic units namely. The geology in the south african part of the basin follows. Mark mathisen has 19 years experience with international and domestic regional geology and seismic interpretation with mobil, and an additional 5 years of regional geology experience at iowa state university where he received a ph. Africas total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles 30,365,000 square km, and the continent measures about 5,000 miles 8,000 km from north to south and about 4,600 miles 7,400 km from east to west. The geology of south africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts. Pdf the boundaries of the west african craton, with special.
The central zone of lmb rocks in south africa are described first, followed by a description of the structures and tectonics found in this part of the basin. Brazil and africa are summarized, with emphasis on the geochronological aspects. Imaging spectroscopy also referred to as hyperspectral remote sensing is a technology that has been utilized with success for mapping vegetation and mineral abundances over many areas of the earths surface e. Most of the companys regional geological information was subse quently released as its contribution towards unravelling the geology of the northwest cape under aegis of the national geodynamics project. The map is a portion of a larger world map created by the central intelligence agency using robinson projection. The african upper mantle and its relationship to tectonics and. This result implies that a long yet rapid migration from africa, possibly initiated during a phase of warm climate, enabled early human populations to inhabit northern latitudes of east asia over. Pdf the west african craton wac was constructed during the archaean and the c. Kalahari craton geological region, africa britannica. Shiklomanov encyclopedia of life support systems eolss faults extending from west asia across the red sea and the eastern part of africa intersects the eastern margin of the continent for a distance of more than 6000 km the.